Golem intelligence isn't created on purpose. The term "golem" is an acronym of "Genius-Operated Living Enchanted Manifestation," and their original purpose was as armor and mobile guardians, not intelligence per se. Naturally the latter required learning algorithms, which were expanded as golems became common and their tasks diversified. Now, they are ubiquitous. As such, their characteristics and capabilities vary considerably. Models tasked with personal interaction or imbued with thaumic enhancement tend to have the most ability for unique responses to stimuli. I'm told a few can assess long-term situations and create logical responses to them. I haven't seen such a thing, personally.

Rata Sum did suffer a "golem uprising" in '84, but I'm not sure if the cause was an outbreak of sentience or memetic errors. The patch was called a "sedition inhibitor," but then, reputations were at stake. Desperate krewes have been known to do worse.